Atrocities In Afganistan (Women) Essay -- essays research papers fc

(NOTE TO STUDENT: my teacher gave me a B+ and said I would have had an A if I had had more detail on the Taliban's reasons for these laws) The women of Afghanistan have been enduring unfathomable suffering since the Taliban, a religious faction, seized control of the country in 1996. (NOTE TO STUDENT: my teacher gave me a B+ and said I would have had an A if I had had more detail on the Taliban's reasons for these laws) Since 1996 Afghan women have been living fear for their safety and lives. A myriad of discriminating laws has been placed on Afghan women. The punishments for violating these laws are unimaginably inhuman.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Taliban is an ultra-fundamentalist group that has 90 percent of Afghanistan under its control (Taliban). When the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991 Islamic factions united to expel the Russian occupiers from Afghanistan (Afghanistan). The new government that had formed soon collapsed from the deep-rooted ethnic and religious differences of its members (Afghanistan). The Taliban emerged victorious from the ensuing civil war to establish a reign of terror on the Afghan people (Afghanistan).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The women of Afghanistan have ended up bearing most of the weight from the oppressive hand of the Taliban. A woman is no longer allowed to be seen in public with out wearing a cumbersome burqa, a robe that covers the entire body from head to toe with only a small mesh screen to see and breath through. â€Å"I feel like I am invisible.† Claims one woman, â€Å"Nobody knows whether I’m smiling or crying†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She then explains how hard it is to see through the mesh screen (Shanahan). There have been accounts of women being run over by tanks because they couldn’t see through their burqa (Shanahan). Not only are women not allowed in public without the burqa, they must also be accompanied by a mahram, a male relative, when outside their homes (Women). When they are inside their homes, women must have the blinds pulled or the windows painted black so others can’t see them from the street (Women). A Taliban representative explains the logic behind these laws: â€Å"The face of a woman is a source of corruption for men who are not related to them.† (Women). So what does a woman do when she needs to go outside and there is no man to accompany her? One woman was shot while running through the streets with her sick child. ... ...ghts restored.† (Women). Although then UN and various countries condemn the Taliban for their disregard for the life and welfare of Afghan women, no aggressive actions have been taken.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Clearly the harsh laws and punishments the Taliban have created are unjust and wrong. Since the Taliban base their laws on religious believes it would be difficult for anyone to â€Å"talk them out of it†. There are many countries and organizations that are opposed to the Taliban’s treatment of women. I believe the Taliban will never gain recognition as a legitimate government from these countries unless they change drastically and it is only a matter of time before the Taliban fall. Works Cited â€Å"Afghanistan.† Nutshellnotes. Online> 28 Jan. 2000. Shanahan, Noreen. â€Å"Fighting gender apartheid in Afghanistan.† Herizons. V>13 (3). (Fall’99): 23-25. â€Å"Stop Gender Apartheid in Afghanistan!† The Feminist Majority Foundation. Online. 20 Feb. 2000. â€Å"Taliban publicly execute woman murderer.† Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan. Online. 17 Nov. 1999. â€Å"Women in Afghanistan: The violations continue.† Amnesty International. Online. June 1997.

Summary Response

Agents of Change and Nonviolent Action* Nonviolent action is a way for ordinary people to fight for their rights, freedom, and justice. It is frequently associated with moral or ethical nonviolence, but I will address it here as a distinct phenomenon, separate from any moral or ethical underpinnings, to expand on how it works as a pragmatic way to exert leverage in a conflict. Nonviolent action is based on the insight that power in a society is ultimately derived from people’s consent and obedience.In contrast, the prevailing view is that power in a society is inherently based on whoever has concentrated wealth and the greatest capacity for violence. But just as the economy is a subsystem of the biosphere— and therefore is ultimately governed by the laws of the biosphere—so too, systems of power that are seemingly based on violence and money are actually subsystems of thousands or millions of people’s broader behavior and obedience patterns.If those people shift their loyalties, behavior, and obedience, the balance of power in a society, and in the world, shifts. Simply put, if people do not obey, then rulers or corporations cannot rule. Nonviolent action, therefore, wields power by creating shifts in people’s loyalties, behavior and obedience patterns at a collective level. This can happen dramatically, for example as it did at moments during the Indian Independence Struggle, the US Civil Rights Movement, various labor struggles (i. . the United Farm Workers movement in the mid-late 1960s), and the downfall of Ferdinand Marcos (1986), Augusto Pinochet (1988), Apartheid in South Africa (1980s-90s), Slobodan Milosevic (2000), and the authoritarian system in Ukraine (2004). Or, shifts can happen more subtly, as when people choose to shop at locally owned businesses, boycott a product, or work to develop alternative institutions and economies.Regardless of its myriad of methods and manifestations, all acts of nonviolent action fa ll into one of three categories: acts of 1 Â © 2008 Hardy Merriman. *A slightly modified version of this essay appeared in: Conservation Biology, Volume 22, No. 2, April 2008 pp. 241-2. commission—that is, people do things that they are not expected, supposed, or allowed to do; acts of omission—that is, people do not do things that they are expected, supposed, or required to do; or a combination of acts of commission and omission. In order to promote shifts in people’s obedience and behavior patterns, it is important to understand why people obey and behave as they do in the first place. Reasons will differ from society to society, but two of the most common reasons for obedience that I encounter in my work with activists and organizers around the world are that people feel there is no alternative way of behaving and they lack confidence that their actions make a difference. Many people have forgotten that they are the true power holders in their society.Of cou rse formal education, corporations, governments, and media all reinforce the narrative that power resides among the few individuals in a government building or corporate headquarters, and that money and guns (on which they have a monopoly) are the ultimate source of strength. This narrative suits their purposes well. Successful nonviolent movements throughout history, however, have awakened people to the fact that through their collective actions, people who are organized around a common vision and act strategically are far stronger than armies and money.Any contemporary grassroots movement that wants to gain traction should take note of this fact and make reminding people that they are powerful a central point of its rhetoric. Taking this one step further, successful movements not only tell people that they are powerful, they demonstrate people’s power by setting clear, achievable objectives and then documenting and publicizing their victories. The victories themselves may b e limited, but their impact on mobilizing people can be enormous.For example, the US Civil Rights Movement concentrated its strength on desegregating buses in Montgomery, Alabama in 1955-56 and desegregating Nashville lunch counters in 1960. The Indian Independence Movement focused its effort on gaining concessions from the British on the Salt Acts and others laws in 1930-31. Once achieved, these objectives were small 1 Gene Sharp, Waging Nonviolent Struggle: 20th Century Practice and 21st Century Potential, (Boston, MA: Porter Sargent Publishers), 2005, p. 547. 2 Â © 2008 Hardy Merriman. A slightly modified version of this essay appeared in: Conservation Biology, Volume 22, No. 2, April 2008 pp. 241-2. relative to the mammoth task of overturning segregation in the entire US South or gaining independence in India. But their true impact was in their catalyzing effect on the movements themselves. These victories showed people that their actions mattered and that they were capable of making a difference, which led to great increases in support and mobilization and propelled these movements to the national and international center stage.These objectives were not achieved merely because the US Civil Rights Movement or the Indian Independence Movement occupied the moral high ground. They were achieved also because of hard work, creativity, and skillful political analysis. This is true of all successful nonviolent action. However, many neglect this fact and instead assume that nonviolent action consists primarily of public protests, expressions of outrage, and moral injunctions, or that its success depends on a charismatic leader or some sort of mystical power. It does not.Nor does it require people who are ideologically committed to pacifism or ethical nonviolence. What it does require is an inclusive vision that unites people, sound strategic planning, effective public communications, and the identification of appropriate methods for the situation. There is no one -size-fits-all recipe—nonviolent action is place-specific. While the principles that govern it, such as power being based on consent and obedience, are constant across all struggles, its application depends on the context and particulars of a given society.Whether it manifests as bold public action, subtle shifts in buying patterns, or both (most movements have a wide variety of tactics that are designed to be used by people with different levels of involvement), it provides a way for people to use or create political space in their society from which to leverage concessions from an entrenched adversary. Fortunately, a lot of intellectual work, research, and communication have been done about how people can use, and historically have used, nonviolent action to achieve great results.Demand for this knowledge is increasing among those who recognize the power and potential that nonviolent action holds. You won’t read about this in most 3 Â © 2008 Hardy Merriman. *A sligh tly modified version of this essay appeared in: Conservation Biology, Volume 22, No. 2, April 2008 pp. 241-2. newspapers, and you won’t find a lot of politicians talking about it, but if you talk to grassroots organizers and members of civil society around the world, they will tell you. They recognize that it is the people in a society who are the agents of change and that structural change is created from the ground up.They are not waiting for a person to lead them, because they understand that most government and corporate leaders will not take the lead to do what is right if their populations are disengaged and do not know the means to hold them accountable. Therefore, people around the world are increasingly looking towards nonviolent action (which they may use in conjunction with voting, the legal system, or other traditional means of making change) as a pragmatic way to empower their communities to win human rights, freedom, justice, transparency, women’s, indige nous people’s and minority rights and environmental protection.Regardless of the objective for which nonviolent action is used, its prerequisite is the same: a reframing of the concept of power in people’s minds. Sharing this knowledge, and awakening people to their power, is an essential task in shifting humanity’s course. 4 Â © 2008 Hardy Merriman. *A slightly modified version of this essay appeared in: Conservation Biology, Volume 22, No. 2, April 2008 pp. 241-2. Summary Response Agents of Change and Nonviolent Action* Nonviolent action is a way for ordinary people to fight for their rights, freedom, and justice. It is frequently associated with moral or ethical nonviolence, but I will address it here as a distinct phenomenon, separate from any moral or ethical underpinnings, to expand on how it works as a pragmatic way to exert leverage in a conflict. Nonviolent action is based on the insight that power in a society is ultimately derived from people’s consent and obedience.In contrast, the prevailing view is that power in a society is inherently based on whoever has concentrated wealth and the greatest capacity for violence. But just as the economy is a subsystem of the biosphere— and therefore is ultimately governed by the laws of the biosphere—so too, systems of power that are seemingly based on violence and money are actually subsystems of thousands or millions of people’s broader behavior and obedience patterns.If those people shift their loyalties, behavior, and obedience, the balance of power in a society, and in the world, shifts. Simply put, if people do not obey, then rulers or corporations cannot rule. Nonviolent action, therefore, wields power by creating shifts in people’s loyalties, behavior and obedience patterns at a collective level. This can happen dramatically, for example as it did at moments during the Indian Independence Struggle, the US Civil Rights Movement, various labor struggles (i. . the United Farm Workers movement in the mid-late 1960s), and the downfall of Ferdinand Marcos (1986), Augusto Pinochet (1988), Apartheid in South Africa (1980s-90s), Slobodan Milosevic (2000), and the authoritarian system in Ukraine (2004). Or, shifts can happen more subtly, as when people choose to shop at locally owned businesses, boycott a product, or work to develop alternative institutions and economies.Regardless of its myriad of methods and manifestations, all acts of nonviolent action fa ll into one of three categories: acts of 1 Â © 2008 Hardy Merriman. *A slightly modified version of this essay appeared in: Conservation Biology, Volume 22, No. 2, April 2008 pp. 241-2. commission—that is, people do things that they are not expected, supposed, or allowed to do; acts of omission—that is, people do not do things that they are expected, supposed, or required to do; or a combination of acts of commission and omission. In order to promote shifts in people’s obedience and behavior patterns, it is important to understand why people obey and behave as they do in the first place. Reasons will differ from society to society, but two of the most common reasons for obedience that I encounter in my work with activists and organizers around the world are that people feel there is no alternative way of behaving and they lack confidence that their actions make a difference. Many people have forgotten that they are the true power holders in their society.Of cou rse formal education, corporations, governments, and media all reinforce the narrative that power resides among the few individuals in a government building or corporate headquarters, and that money and guns (on which they have a monopoly) are the ultimate source of strength. This narrative suits their purposes well. Successful nonviolent movements throughout history, however, have awakened people to the fact that through their collective actions, people who are organized around a common vision and act strategically are far stronger than armies and money.Any contemporary grassroots movement that wants to gain traction should take note of this fact and make reminding people that they are powerful a central point of its rhetoric. Taking this one step further, successful movements not only tell people that they are powerful, they demonstrate people’s power by setting clear, achievable objectives and then documenting and publicizing their victories. The victories themselves may b e limited, but their impact on mobilizing people can be enormous.For example, the US Civil Rights Movement concentrated its strength on desegregating buses in Montgomery, Alabama in 1955-56 and desegregating Nashville lunch counters in 1960. The Indian Independence Movement focused its effort on gaining concessions from the British on the Salt Acts and others laws in 1930-31. Once achieved, these objectives were small 1 Gene Sharp, Waging Nonviolent Struggle: 20th Century Practice and 21st Century Potential, (Boston, MA: Porter Sargent Publishers), 2005, p. 547. 2 Â © 2008 Hardy Merriman. A slightly modified version of this essay appeared in: Conservation Biology, Volume 22, No. 2, April 2008 pp. 241-2. relative to the mammoth task of overturning segregation in the entire US South or gaining independence in India. But their true impact was in their catalyzing effect on the movements themselves. These victories showed people that their actions mattered and that they were capable of making a difference, which led to great increases in support and mobilization and propelled these movements to the national and international center stage.These objectives were not achieved merely because the US Civil Rights Movement or the Indian Independence Movement occupied the moral high ground. They were achieved also because of hard work, creativity, and skillful political analysis. This is true of all successful nonviolent action. However, many neglect this fact and instead assume that nonviolent action consists primarily of public protests, expressions of outrage, and moral injunctions, or that its success depends on a charismatic leader or some sort of mystical power. It does not.Nor does it require people who are ideologically committed to pacifism or ethical nonviolence. What it does require is an inclusive vision that unites people, sound strategic planning, effective public communications, and the identification of appropriate methods for the situation. There is no one -size-fits-all recipe—nonviolent action is place-specific. While the principles that govern it, such as power being based on consent and obedience, are constant across all struggles, its application depends on the context and particulars of a given society.Whether it manifests as bold public action, subtle shifts in buying patterns, or both (most movements have a wide variety of tactics that are designed to be used by people with different levels of involvement), it provides a way for people to use or create political space in their society from which to leverage concessions from an entrenched adversary. Fortunately, a lot of intellectual work, research, and communication have been done about how people can use, and historically have used, nonviolent action to achieve great results.Demand for this knowledge is increasing among those who recognize the power and potential that nonviolent action holds. You won’t read about this in most 3 Â © 2008 Hardy Merriman. *A sligh tly modified version of this essay appeared in: Conservation Biology, Volume 22, No. 2, April 2008 pp. 241-2. newspapers, and you won’t find a lot of politicians talking about it, but if you talk to grassroots organizers and members of civil society around the world, they will tell you. They recognize that it is the people in a society who are the agents of change and that structural change is created from the ground up.They are not waiting for a person to lead them, because they understand that most government and corporate leaders will not take the lead to do what is right if their populations are disengaged and do not know the means to hold them accountable. Therefore, people around the world are increasingly looking towards nonviolent action (which they may use in conjunction with voting, the legal system, or other traditional means of making change) as a pragmatic way to empower their communities to win human rights, freedom, justice, transparency, women’s, indige nous people’s and minority rights and environmental protection.Regardless of the objective for which nonviolent action is used, its prerequisite is the same: a reframing of the concept of power in people’s minds. Sharing this knowledge, and awakening people to their power, is an essential task in shifting humanity’s course. 4 Â © 2008 Hardy Merriman. *A slightly modified version of this essay appeared in: Conservation Biology, Volume 22, No. 2, April 2008 pp. 241-2.

Arab Military Performance During The World War II

Within the modern military era, Arabic-speaking armies have traditionally shown themselves to generally ineffective. From the 1960s, where Egyptian regular forces performed poorly against Yemeni irregulars, to the ‘70s, where the Syrians only managed to impose their will upon Lebanon through the utilisation of their overwhelming weight of weaponry and numbers. The Iraqis army demonstrated their own ineptitude in the 1980s, firstly with their wars with Iran, where their opponents were in possession of an army ripped apart by internal revolutionary turmoil showed ineptness against an Iranian military ripped apart by revolutionary turmoil in the 1980s, and secondly in their failure to win a three-decades-long war against the Kurds. Even with the intervention of Western powers, Arab military performance has remained poor, especially on both sides of the 1990 Kuwait war, where they performance was at best mediocre.4 Despite all these examples however, the primary military area in which Arabic armies have performed poorly is in their wars with Israel, where despite three Arabic attempts to conquer Israel with conventional warfare in 1948, 1967 and 1973, Israel has always emerged victorious. And the Arabs have done poorly in nearly all the military confrontations with Israel. In an article for the Middle East Quarterly in 1999 titled â€Å"Why Arabs Lose Wars†, Norvell De Atkine, a U.S. Army retired colonel with eight years residence in Lebanon, Jordan, and Egypt, and a graduateShow MoreRelatedThe Contributions Of The Cold War In The Middle East1507 Words   |  7 Pagesit’s in the Imperial period, the Cold War era, or the era of modern proxy conflict, Middle Eastern states have been willing customers of foreign arms. 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Shakespeare Succeeds - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1697 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/16 Category Literature Essay Type Argumentative essay Level High school Tags: Macbeth Essay William Shakespeare Essay Did you like this example? C/W 6th March 2010 Macbeth Essay Shakespeare succeeds in making his audience understand and emphasise with a tyrant. He has many methods of executing this. For example, he makes Macbeth talk to the audience, explaining what he is feeling and what his true desires are. This is called a soliloquy; he uses many other techniques and I am going to clarify what they are. In the play Macbeth uses very dramatic language to emphasise his evil ways. ‘Whose horrid image doth unfix my hair, and make my seated heart knock at my ribs, against the use of nature? Macbeth realises that thoughts of the deed, even before he does it, is against nature all together. The reflection of it seizes him in his step and makes his heart beat so furiously, like he is having a palpitation. This is the start of his evil ways and this provokes his thoughts into questioning whether he should do it or not. That quote before originates from his soliloquy and he explains his thought and feelings to the aud ience which makes them become aware of his true feelings. They can become more involved in his true feelings and can see the immense struggle that he is trying to come to terms with. The whole speech explains his exertion against his own mind. It seems that his bad thoughts are dominating his mind, and he can’t control them. Shakespeare uses this technique to show the personal progression of Macbeth and shows him gradually turning into a tyrant, that he becomes later in the play. However, in the early stages of the play, Macbeth is perceived as a very loyal and strong hearted man. The captain describes him as, ‘For brave Macbeth, well he deserves that name, disdaining fortune, with his brandish’d steel, which smok’d with bloody execution. ’ They see Macbeth as a brave, loyal and bloody warrior. This makes him an unlikely victim for the king’s death later on in the play, because he seems very loyal to his king and country. No one would ever question his faithfulness after the heroic battle, were he risks his life for his people and country. Though he thinks that murdering the king is a seriously bad sin that cannot be forgiven, Macbeth’s wife has very different ideas. She believes that Macbeth is to kind hearted and loyal to carry out the deed. ‘Yet do I fear thy nature; it is too full o’ the milk of human kindness to catch the nearest way: thou wouldst be great; art not without mbition; but without the illness should attend it. ’ She apprehends that it would be better to get the crown through truth and not doing the deed, but that could resort to taking years. She focuses on wanting to become Queen and experiencing the glory which comes of being royalty. This results in her trying to persuade Macbeth into doing the deed. Though she slightly changes his mind, Macbeth still has doubts about his decision and shows his feeling in the soliloquy before. The huge scene before Duncan’s murder, Macbeth considers everything that could happen. He starts questioning himself about what he believes and what he should do. He looks over his life and appreciates were he has gotten too. He would prefer to be crowned king through natural circumstances, but he believes that day may not ever come. Speeches leading up to the penultimate event outline his true feelings. He thinks of everything wrong with doing it. ‘Besides, this Duncan hath bourne, his faculties so meek, hath been so clear in his great office, that his virtues will plead like angels. ’ This quote is Macbeth’s opinion on Duncan. He knows that Duncan is a very good king and is trying to think he would kill him. He shows that his mind is very disturbed and it seems that he doesn’t have control over it. Only determination is driving him forward, because his conscious mind knows that everything is wrong with doing the deed. The state he is in now is described and illusive and he is im agining everything he is witnessing. Also, at the start, Macbeth creates an image of a dagger with the handle towards his hand. ‘Is this a dagger which I see before me, the handle toward my hand? Come, let me clutch thee: I have thee not, and yet I see thee still. This illusion states he true desires, because it seems he wants to clutch the dagger and wants to kill Duncan. He imagines, before the murder, the dagger coated in fresh blood, imitating the dagger in the future. Ultimately, he becomes quick witted and decides to murder the king. After the murder, Macbeth becomes aware of how horrible the deed was. It seems that the thought of becoming king subsided all other thoughts of consequences. His life becomes a misery after the murder with doubts whether his throne was safe. He says, ‘Than on the torture of the mind to lie in restless ecstasy. This quote explains how he is coping. He seems to want to die instead of experiencing his badly affected conscience. Earlier o n in the play the complete idea of killing Duncan originated from the witches of who he met before the news of him being given the title ‘Thane of Cawdor. ’ The witches tell him the news of what could be, but even though Macbeth is bemused by this news, his companion and friend, Banquo, reassures him that witches are wicked and their words are lies. Banquo and Macbeth are close friends in the play and that makes it even more horrific when Macbeth sends assassins to go and kill him. Macbeth knows that Banquo knows too much knowledge from the witches meeting, and he should not be trusted. Banquo could corrupt Macbeth. He describes the sensation as, ‘O, full of scorpions is my mind, dear wife! Thou know’st that Banquo, and his Fleance lives. ’ He knows what the consequences could be if Banquo lives and comes to the conclusion of killing him. ‘Things bad begun made strong themselves by ill: so, pr’ythee, go with me. This quote shows how o ne bad deed links to another. This situation Macbeth is in makes the audience sympathise with him, because he can’t now stop himself from doing evil things. He has been so overwhelmed by evil that he has to kill one of his best friends. It has become so bad for him that the audience feels sorry that he has gotten himself into this position. However, the fact that he knew the consequences, before the murder of Duncan, makes Macbeth a complicated character. It seems that he knows what is right or wrong. He seems like a very noble, and truthful character, but as the story progresses, the image of him becoming king overwhelms his mind and he subsides all of his thoughts about what is right or wrong. Therefore, after he came to the conclusion of murdering God’s representative on earth he knows what he was becoming. When the night of the feast comes around, on the same day as the loss of Banquo, Macbeth is reduced to a guilty wreck when he witnesses Banquo’s gho st. This shows Macbeths struggle through the story. He quotes, during the feast, ‘I am in blood step’t in so far that, should wade no more. ’ This also shows that if he does so many positive deeds from then on, he can’t escape the horrible guilt he has. He almost gives away the truth, to the other guests, when he is imagining the ghost of Banquo. Lady Macbeth becomes the dominate character, when she covers for Macbeth’s disturbed state of mind. She comes up with many excuses and yet again, the couple have to cover up their deepest sins. Hence, this brings me onto the way Macbeth is affected by the bad deeds. The supernatural aspect in the play affects Macbeth the most. He witness’ a dagger when he goes to murder Duncan. At the feast he’s the only one who can see Banquo’s ghost. Some of this is mostly blamed on Macbeth’s imagination. When he goes and meets the witches for the first time, and hears their prophecies, he i s very sceptical about them. However, after he hears that he has been promoted to Thane of Cawdor, he begins to believe the witches. Eventually, he thinks he can alter their prophecies, but in doing so they emerge to happen in a way he didn’t think they would. Consequently, this results in him falling to pieces and detaching from his conscience. Also, in the one of the most panicle scenes in the play, Macbeth is all alone and his wife is dead and yet he still is brave and fights to the death; though he knows that he is going to die by the mercy of Macduff’s sword. The great relationship that Macbeth and Lady Macbeth have in the play, also shows the change in Macbeth when he doesn’t change state when his wife dies. ‘I have almost forgot the taste of fears: the time has been, my senses would have cool’d. ’ This makes the audience sympathise with him, because they have seen the struggle he has gone through. The fact that he has gone from t he loyal soldier to this fearless murder makes Macbeth still seem a good man, because it has not been his entire fault this has happened and the audience understand his point of view. In conclusion, Shakespeare particularly uses Macbeth’s personality to show his true feelings and how he evolves into a tyrant. The language Shakespeare uses emphasises the quantity of all his feelings which shows the emotional struggle Macbeth goes through. Finally, ‘Macbeth’ was written for King James in his court. He was a descendant of Banquo and believed in witchcraft. The play was probably adjusted to please the King and tell him that his family was better than Macbeth’s. Though the play is false in history, Shakespeare has exaggerated Macbeth’s bad ways. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Shakespeare Succeeds" essay for you Create order

Illegal Immigration and the Destruction of America

Former President Grover Cleveland once said, â€Å"Remember, remember always that all of us, and you and I especially, are descended from immigrants and revolutionists.† While this is true, the immigrants, who built this country, came legally. Immigrants create a diverse country and build up a great nation like America. On the other hand, illegal immigrants tear down a country economically. Illegal immigration to the United States creates a variety of problems that will only grow worse if not addressed by the federal government. Immigration has been the major source for America’s growth.The United States has the most immigrants in the world (Nation of Immigrants). Russia has the second most with only one fourth the number in America (Nation†¦show more content†¦In reality, getting rid of illegal aliens would naturally raise the wages of low end jobs. If employers suddenly lose access to their low paying work source they will need to appeal to another group of potential workers. In order to do that, they would need to offer more money for the job, thus decreasing unemployment among legal citizens, as well as increasing the national average pay. Although the issue with illegal immigration is prominent, the solution is not as clear. Some say the annual quota of 20,000 Mexicans should be raised (Anderson 65). This does not help the fact that there is a 5-9 year wait for over 1 million immigrants to enter the country legally (Anderson 57). Most illegals are of working age and looking for jobs (Anderson 57). They dont want to wait years to get a job. Otherwise, there would not be near as many people crossing the border every year. Some people call for a border fence in order to lower the number of illegals (Marcovitz 27). In 2006, Congress began a $2.5 billion project to fence nearly 700 miles of the Mexican border (Marcovitz 27). Many are still pushing for the entire border to be fenced off (Marcovitz 27). Currently, only about one third of the border has been fenced, and over 1,000 miles still remain open (Marcovitz 28). The fence is patrolled by border officers. In 1992 there were about 3,500 border patrol officers. In 2010 t hat number had grown to over 20,000 (MarcovitzShow MoreRelatedImmigration During The United States1078 Words   |  5 Pagesof Americans growing each day, but also the number of illegal aliens. While immigrants brought a mass variety of races and culture to the U.S., only recently has it become a bigger, more illegal problem. Change needs to happen with this problem for it is illegal and the country knows what is happening. While immigration has been with the U.S. from the very beginning, it’s becoming worse with every year. In order to understand illegal immigration, one must first know the laws and background. â€Å"The UnitedRead MoreEssay On The Tortilla Curtain1098 Words   |  5 Pagesnovel to compare the United States of America to. The novel itself discusses environmental destruction, illegal immigration, materialism, poverty, and xenophobia which parallel the country altogether. Throughout the novel, the audience learns about the two different lifestyles the Mossbachers and the Rincà ³ns live. As the novel is continued, a sequence of incidents and a discussion of these incidents arise about them. Although these incidents, like illegal immigration and rape, could be considered tooRead MoreA New Light On Immigration1410 Words   |  6 PagesLight on Immigration As of recent news, Barack Obama brings controversy to the public giving the opportunity to 4 million undocumented citizens to gain citizenship in the United States. Steve Breen brings about a controversial topic in his article â€Å"Living In the Shadows†; whether immigration brings destruction or improvement in the United States. He includes the articles â€Å"Diversity and Pioneer Spirit of Immigrants Made U.S Great† written by Enrique Morones and â€Å"Costs of Illegal Immigration Are ThreatRead MoreEssay United States Border Patrol1416 Words   |  6 PagesBorder Patrol The U.S. Border Patrol to me is very important to the United States of America and to me as well. Without the Border Patrol, America would be a goat standing in the middle of a wolf cage. The Border Patrol and their agents border the boundaries of America so we can be safe in our homes. People don’t realize how important any kind of law enforcement is, until the day that they need assistance comes. I don’t take our men and women who protect us Americans; it is something that not everyoneRead MoreThe Cost of Protecting Our Borders1382 Words   |  6 PagesStrayer University Abstract Despite the increase in funding over the last decade, the number of illegal aliens entering our country continues to grow. Every year, we allow 750,000 immigrants to enter the country legally and make them eligible for citizenship within five years yet it is estimated that 10 million people reside in our country without legal documentation. Illegal immigration is not just Arizona’s problem, or any of the other bordering states, it is a national problem that isRead MoreThe U.S. Border Patrol1104 Words   |  4 Pagespatrolling our borders, â€Å"Mounted watchmen of the U.S. Immigration Service patrolled the border in an effort to prevent illegal crossings as early as 1904† (Border Patrol History, web). The agent’s efforts were undertaken only when resources permitted. The inspectors were all out of El Paso, Texas, â€Å"Though they never totaled more than seventy-five, they patrolled as far west as California trying to restrict the flow of illegal Chinese immi gration† (Border Patrol History, web). In 1915, Congress approvedRead MoreImpact Of Immigration On The United States1283 Words   |  6 Pageslike illegal Immigration, Drug Enforcement, and cross-border Transportation, and Technological improvements by Homeland security influence the agents, trying to cease these issues. A vast complication that the United States goes through is the huge illegal immigration. Each year thousands of illegal immigrants enter the United States across the U.S.-Mexican border. The result is that the congress has mandated increased efforts, as improved technology, to facilitate border processing of illegal entriesRead MoreThe Impact Of Immigration On The United States1279 Words   |  6 Pageslike illegal Immigration, Drug Enforcement, and cross-border Transportation, and Technological improvements by Homeland security influence the agents, trying to cease these issues. A vast complication that the United States goes through is the huge illegal immigration. Each year thousands of illegal immigrants enter the United States across the U.S.-Mexican border. The result is that the congress has mandated increased efforts, as improved technology, to facilitate border processing of illegal entriesRead MoreMexican American Relations Of The Past And The Present Essay1483 Words   |  6 Pageswith a major local sociological issue of treating illegal immigrants. A little background on the history, in the early 1990’s immigrants suffered poor economic situations in the United States. The blame had to be put somewhere so Governor Pete Wilson of California decided to vocally address this issue with his proposed Proposition 187 in 1994. At this time California was facing economic recession and felt that the massive immigration of illegal immigrants from Mexico was the primary reason for residentsRead MoreThe Functional Equivalent Of The Border And The Fourth Amendment1673 Words   |  7 PagesThe U.S. Customs and Border Patrol (CBP) are tasked with the protection of America’s border. CBP combats the illegal crossing of a wide arrange of persons and property, even be charged with protecting America from health and epidemic outbreaks. Along the U.S.-Mexican Border CBP is combats illegal activities such as: human trafficking, illegal plant and agriculture transport, illegal immigration, terrorist attacks and drug smuggling. Seizure s tatistics are used to determine what influx of funding as

The 13th of December, 1666 Free Essays

The events, which took place on the 13th of December 1666. Made a dramatic change in my life. First I will tell you a bit about myself. We will write a custom essay sample on The 13th of December, 1666 or any similar topic only for you Order Now My name is Mark. I am sixteen years old and I go to St Paul high school. I have one Brother who is five years younger than me called Bill. I also have a nagging step -mum who has looked after me since I was two. My real mum died in very strange circumstances but dad will not tell me the full story so I don’t know much about it. At school I used to have two best friends. They were Sarah and Will. Will has blue eyes and a lovely personality. I had known Sarah ever since I was three. Sarah’s mum and my step mum got on with each other really well. Will is one of my best friends; he’s the only person who can make me laugh on a bad day. I am no longer friend with them now, after that horrible day of 13th of December. It all started when I was invited to a Will’s Halloween party, I loved parties especially the food and dancing. We were all having a great time dancing eating etc†¦Until after the party had ended when Will, Sarah and I played truth or dare it was all fine until it came to my turn. They dared me to go in the haunted house, which was located near by. I couldn’t refuse otherwise I would have been called a chicken at school for the next year so I reluctantly agreed. Up in a dark hill where the moon shines through the bare branches which casts an eerie feel to the atmosphere and where many crows are sitting on the branches looking, and waiting for the time to strike for there next victim. Stands an old house, â€Å"The House of Death† its called by the villagers. A chill went down my spine as I was walking up the hill. Flashes of stories came rushing to my mind. I tried to convince my self that those stories were all a bunch of lies. As I got to the top of the hill I reached for the big wooden door, which was covered with graffiti. My friends stayed outside so I would go in alone. As I entered the house I put my torch on, as the light in the house was not so bright I then took a few small curious step down the long corridor the door slammed behind I suddenly jump and took a few deep breaths and don’t know what to expect to happen. As I was walking down the corridor the floorboards creaked which echoed down the corridor, water was dripping from the ceiling, there was many cobwebs on the side and corners of the corridor. I wanted to turn around and just run straight through that door which I entered. But I couldn’t, I would then have been called a chicken. So I carried on walking down the corridor hoping for this day to end when suddenly I heard a machine being switched on at the bottom of the corridor. â€Å"Who is it, ok jokes over come out now?† I shouted There was no response and I really started to shit my self as there was total silence again I tried to convince my self that it was Will and Sarah being immature but I was still unsure. The silence crated a really terrifying tone, which turned this dare in to a nightmare came true. My head was rushing wild with stories, images and movies of when the main character dies in trying to impress someone. I kept on telling my self that it was all nonsense. When suddenly the light started flickering to my bad luck my torch also went out. I tried to hit it back on and it wouldn’t come on. I started singing to my self to take my mind of the horrifying images, which were entering my mind when suddenly somebody or someone was whispering out my name, near the end of the dark corridor. â€Å"Who is it, who are you, stop messing around now it isn’t funny† I shouted There was no response and my voiced echoed around the corridor. Frighteningly the lights went out, my heart was pumping faster and faster, my feet felt as if they were stuck to the ground I couldn’t move it as I was so scared I was unable to breath I was taking deep breaths. I shouted out on top of my voice † Who are you!† To my joy the lights came back and I was so relieved until I looked on the floor, there was a note saying go to the room on your left. I didn’t know what to expect from this note. I got really scared as to thinking that who was behind this insane prank. I didn’t know what to expect so I gathered all my courage and decided to enter the room and see what is in store for me I turned to the left and entered the room and there stood in the middle of the room my dead mother. I busted out in tears to see such a sight I was terrified and feeling a sick as she been cut open from many part of her body. I went over slowly to see my mother when suddenly I heard machines being switched on again and this time I also heard my name being called out by someone. I looked all around me to see if any one was there, I couldn’t see any one but I was terrified so I ran back to the door which I came from and left. I came out with a white scared face and tears running down my cheeks. Sarah and Will looked in shock when they saw me in the state that I was in. â€Å"What happened in there are you ok,† asked Will and Sarah I told them that my dead mother was in there. Sarah was in total shock her face turned blue. But Will didn’t believe me he said that my mum must have been buried as she has died. So he went to see for him self I was outside with Sarah telling her what happened, when Will came rushing out saying there’s nothing there I said there is something there. We went in together and where my dead mother once laid was now missing†¦there was a silence in the room I said to my self who or what was it †¦ I’m now writing this in my dying days, My story is the truth it is not some wild fantasy made up to scare people with. Mine really did happen. The story is personal to me and telling it to anyone makes me appear insane to the outside world. I guess it does seem unbelievable in retrospect. The images of that night of the 13th of December still haunt me to this day I am hoping that you will never feel the need to show courage, as I did to my friends, because the results may not be what you expect That night I lost my friends and my sanity. How to cite The 13th of December, 1666, Papers

Relationship In Between Personality and Job Performance

Question: Describe about the Relationship In Between Personality and Job Performance. Answer: In the recent time, personality has gained more importance in an organization. It is only due to the individual job performance that the organization achieves its goals. Personality and job performance is an integrated model depicted well in five-factor model. I t showcases how job performance relates to personality traits. It tells about how individual differences affect the job performance of the organization (Matthews Deary, and Whiteman, 2009). It is very much important for an organization to employee high performing employees to increase overall productivity. One of the biggest questions is how to separate nonperforming employees from the other employees. The answer to this question relates to the individual personality. They both are an age old concept. The individual personality is one factor which has contributed for specialized in the personality trait. The necessity of personality test is questioned ever since it is included in the recruitment process (Burch and Anderson, 2 008).The major objective is to investigate the potential relationship in five-factor model and overall job performance. The researchers are trying to find the accurate relationship in between personality traits and their direct impact on performance. Researchers believe that personality traits are important for every kind of task (Murray, Poole and Jones, 2006). It is very much difficult to find out the central characteristic of job performance. It is due to researchers belief in different theory. There are multiple factors aligned which affect the job performance. It defines how an individual performs at a different situation and manages to conquer the difficulty. An important justification for studying personality in the workplace is that it contributes highly to the job performance and satisfaction. Job performance creates circumstances that help in facilitating personal and organizational victory (DuBrin, 2013). However, it is also generally accepted that the different concepts of performance are appropriate when conducting a job research, for decision making in the organization. Some researchers believe that the results are affected due to various external forces. It shows how carefully an individual takes actions and contributes to behaviors that are the objective of an organization. Job performance evaluates how supervisory rating aff ects the overall job performance. Is it the individual personality traits which affect the overall working in the organization? Over the last decade, researchers have reviewed the importance of personality traits as primary factors in discussing the job motivation and then performance. In a study of the different aspect of motivation, it is very much important to strive for conscientiousness. It will lead to overall improvement in the work performance. Personality traits are those variables which are essential for the improvement in an organization (Fumham, 2012). An individual who possesses the combination of the five factors model causes success at work which mainly due to how and importance to achieve goals. A person who scores high on extraversion is motivated to achieve goals .secondly personality, do affect the overall performance of an organization. Thirdly an individual, interpersonal relationship with others makes it an important reason behind success (Bailey, 2014).Job performance can be affected by the various phases which are necessary to be focused. The traditional industry has helped in understanding the role of five force model which is essential to focus while deciding the factors which are affecting the overall status of the organization regarding job performance. High neuroticism score shows high risk due to problems in psychology. A high level of neuroticism does indicate that a person may put illogical idea and is highly coping with stress. Neuroticism is a score of emotional stability. Some state that neuroticism is invers ely proportional to job performance (Rothmann and Coetzer, 2003). Extraversion includes the behavior reflecting social communication. They are vigorous and cheerful. Extraversion depicts positive feeling and experience. It is a valid forecaster of performance which involves more social interactions. A high score shows the positive relationship in between extraversion and job performance (Rothmann and Coetzer, 2003). Openness to experience includes active imagination, visual sensitivity, and attentiveness to the internal feeling, those who score very low openness which tends to show a positive image in the reserve outlook. They are willing to question the authority and are much more logical in their approach. Research has shown that openness in consulting causes long term success. Agreeableness is one who is fundamentally selfless, sensitive to others and is willing to help them, and in return expects the related kind of contribution. Agreeably is related to achieving success in occu pations where team work and customer service plays a key role (Rothmann and Coetzer, 2003). The accommodating nature of agreeable individuals may lead to achievement in employment; conscientiousness refers to self-control and a process of planning, organizing, and coordination. The conscientious person is determined, strong willed and indomitable in nature. Conscientiousness manifests in achievement direction, fidelity, and orderliness. On negative side, high conscientiousness can lead to annoying care, compulsive neatness or workaholic behavior. They both attribute a conceptual relationship. Autonomy affects the relationship in between conscientiousness and goal setting. Generally, these factors play an important role in an organization (Rothmann and Coetzer, 2003). There are five traits which are held responsible to establish the relationship in between job performance and personality. Different kind of job affects the overall job performance. Every job category has a different kind of personality traits in general. Every individual reveal different personality trait in different category of job. The best performance in future is based on the concept of extraversion. These are the factors which affect the job performance. (Hurtz and Donovan, 2000). In case of customer service conscientiousness, is the best analyst. When looking for call center employees conscientiousness emotional constancy and agreeableness are most important factors. Hence those jobs which require complicated demanding interpersonal interactions depicts complex pattern. In case of skilled and semi-skilled employees conscientiousness is the strongest predictor. (Ones et. al., 2007). In a case of professional services conscientiousness play the significant role while predicting work performance. Conscientiousness and Extraversion are associated with the leadership skills. In other words, traits help you in getting noticed. A leader play complex and perspective role. He has to play many roles to get work done. Sometimes the organization sees only one side of the coin while deciding various traits. The individual personal traits help in the overall job performances which are only due to the experience which is involved while practicing in daily routines. (Judge, et.al, 2007). The factors responsible are the job experience, mental ability and competency to achieve better result in competitive environment. (Dalal et. al, 2012). Todays workplaces are more composite and complicated. They require sophisticated leadership due to excessive global exposures. The leader has to face the volatile challenge, which requires a different level of leadership skill to achieve an effective managerial environment, it is necessary to seek better productivity. There are other factors in an organization which affects the quality of the work performed. Task performance is related to individual ability to work. Contextual performance refers to behavior such as helping the co-workers, performing activities which will improve the overall output in an organization (Davies, et al.2013).Herzberg theory provides with a model to achieve the job satisfaction. Work environment is responsible to retrieve best results. They are given an equal opportunity in decision making and policies of the organization. (Slate, Wells, and Johnson, 2003), the adoption of a good leadership style will influence the overall working of an organization. It he lps in increasing the overall productivity. It further depicts that high level of interaction in between leaders and subordinates lead to high level of organizational commitment (Babalola, .2016). A leader whose behavior is ethical in context with the present scenario shows credibility and he does have the meaningful influence upon those who are following him.(Brown et. al.2005) Ethical leadership has a positive effect on the job performance, Given by the definition leaders demonstrates work ethics and desirable behavior and are a source of inspiration. Thus his followers follow the normatively appropriate attitude, values, and ethical behavior. As such all those followers who learn from their leaders practice things in good faith. Previous studies have shown that ethical leadership increases organizational commitment (Ahn, Lee and Yun, 2016). To have a truly effective performance, leaders need to involve employees in the managerial decision making process. An organization which has involved senior managers, executives will give a high rate of participation and a better quality performance management. So it is very much necessary to communicate to everyone about their responsibility as a part of the new management process. One needs to break the role of each member of the organization which is executives, leaders, managers, employees, and HR. A leader needs to be a passionate person and needs to be supportive to his subordinate. He should communicate the value of the organization and must involve every individual in it. As a leader, he has a responsibility to recognize and emphasize strong performance in the organization. He needs to identify and encourage improvement where needed. Performance management is a two-way process .Where it is necessary for the manager to discuss the views of his subordinate. A leader needs to u se a performance management process as a tool for supporting employees morale. If the employee lacks any interest, it is the responsibility of the leader to persuade and take ownership in the performance in the organization. A leader needs to prepare a rule book to look after the interest of the employees. He should conduct short meetings and discuss and record milestones accomplishments, successes and challenges as they occur in the organization. This allows the leader to monitor progress on goals and provide them with required instructions if needed. Leadership is a lot like parenting. As parents, love their child and want to give them everything they want. The same logic goes with managing a team. Just as parenting leadership requires more. A leader cant help people without pushing them. He has to put a burden of his expectations logically upon his subordinates. He has to push people out of their comfort zone and hold people accountable. Leadership is an act of helping people to bring out best in them. Leadership is all about stepping up and work hard no matter how difficult it seems. (Myers, 2016)A leader has to play multiple roles in an organization. He has to look forward to the interest of the subordinates. He needs to make sure that the employees feel valued and respected; he must listen to his subordinates. People might show high emotions when discussing performance; he should involve everyone in decision making process as this will improve their commitment towards work. It will create a sense of responsibility in the mind of employees (Byham and Wellins, 2015). Motivational speaker Jack Welch in his interaction with the audience has given multiple examples about the performance. He asks leaders to involve manager in decision making. It will help in overall job satisfaction and improving the overall employees yield (Byham and Wellins, 2015). Proactive personality correlates positively with subjective measures of performance on evaluating it with the leader. David Chan investigated the relationship in between proactive personality and job performance. It was measured on a proactive scale. The leader of 139 employees in rehabilitation agency rated that participating subordinates will increase the overall performance. The finding was that the people with high proactively have a good judgment (DuBrin, 2013). A positive perspective on the contribution of proactively to performance is that a top leader frequently creates situations that facilitate personal and organizational success. Effective organization is rooted from the hard work of the business leaders. The idea of effective leadership is adopted in the world of technology. The employees have believed that there is a need of leadership in the organization to set an effective example. Even employees want effective leaders in order to work towards better job performance. To be a great engager and have the capacity to deliver through all four lenses (I, You, Us, All). A manager must master five fundamental roles and able to recognize when what is needed. The manager needs to move in on the daily basis to achieve the maximum performance from the employees. Howad Schultz, Starbuck was born to a family in the Bronx. He is a live example of courage, dedication, perseverance. Even in between his success he never forgets to take forward the interest of the others (Sparrow, 2012). Personality and job performance are an age old concept which moves hand in hand. There is a positive relation in between personality and job performance. Personality traits are responsible to access maximum result in the long run. It is the duty of the leader to recognize the need for recognition in an organization which helps in overall development. It is very much necessary for a leader to have good personality traits to derive positive results. Leaders are held responsible for the overall growth of the organization. A good leader plays multiple roles and strives for a maximum result with his team support. Personality and job performance are the necessity in an organization while defining various jobs. The Leader plays a role of a parent where he has to look after the need of the subordinates. Subordinates can only work well if they work under better guidelines. Job performance helps in accurate work performance. In an era of continuous global competition, leaders play a role while achieving the goals. The leader has to play multiple roles while guiding the organization. In a long run, it is very much important for a leader to look after the organization. Leaders are the future of the country. They are responsible for the well-being of the organization. The job performance is well depicted by the five forces model. Every organization follows different behavior in general. These traits help in deciding the working model in an organization .The five forces model are based on Neuroticism, extraversion, openness, assertiveness and Conscientiousness. They define that every organization has a different set of techniques, and they show different traits in a long. It is the responsibility of the leader should persuade them to take ownership in the performance of the organization. A leader needs to prepare a rule book to look after the interest of the employees. He should conduct short meetings and discuss and record milestones accomplishments, successes, and challeng es as they occur in the organization. The leadership is multi dimensional in nature, and it plays multiple functions in an organization. Hence it is true that the job performance and personality are necessary for an organization. References Ahn, aj. Lee, s. and Yen, s. 2016.Leaders Core Self-evaluation, Ethical Leadership, and Employees Job Performance: The Moderating Role of Employees Exchange Ideology. The journal of ethics. Babalola, S.2016. The Effect of Leadership Style, Job Satisfaction and Employee-Supervisor Relationship on Job Performance and Organizational Commitment. The journal of applied business research-may/June 2016, volume 32. Bailey, S.2014.Can Personality Predict Performance (Online). Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/sebastianbailey/2014/07/08/can-personality-predict-performance/#7318574d1fa0 (Accessed on 10 September 2016) Brown, m.e. and Trevino, l.k. (2006). Ethical leadership: a review and future directions. The leadership quarterly, 17(6), 595-616. Burch, G.and Anderson, N.2008.International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology 2008, Volume 23, pp.261 305. US: John Wiley Sons Byham, T.and Wellins, R.2015. Your First Leadership Job: How Catalyst Leaders bring Out the Best in Others .US: John Wiley Sons Dalal, R., Baysinger, M., Brummel, B., LeBreton, J. (2012). The relative importance of employee engagement, other job attitudes, and trait affect as predictors of job performance. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42, 295-325. Davies, et al.2013. Human Performance: Cognition, Stress and Individual Differences. Psychology Press DuBrin, A. 2013. Proactive Personality and Behavior for Individual and Organizational Productivity New horizons in management. Edward Elgar Publishing Furnham, A.2012. The Psychology of Behavior at Work: The Individual in the Organization. Psychology Press Hurtz, G. M., Donovan, J. J. (2000). Personality and job performance: The Big Five revisited. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 869-879. Judge, T. A., Jackson, C. L., Shaw, J. C., Scott, B., Rich, B. L. (2007). Self-Efficacy and Work-Related Performance: The Integral Role of Individual Differences. Journal of Applied Psychology, (92), 107-127. Matthews, G., Deary, I and Whiteman, M. 2009. Personality Traits. UK:Cambridge University Press Murray, P., Poole, D and Jones, G.2006. Contemporary Issues in Management and Organizational Behavior. Australia: Cengage Learning Australia Myers, C.2016.How I Learned That Employees Need A Leader, Not A Friend. (Online). Available at : https://www.forbes.com/sites/chrismyers/2016/09/08/how-i-learned-that-employees-need-a-leader-not-a-friend/#22fa94fe69b6 (Accessed on: 10 September 2016) Ones, D. S., Dilchert, S., Viswesvaran, C., Judge, T. A. (2007). In support of personality assessment in organizational settings. Personnel Psychology, 60, 995-1027. Rothmann, S. and Coetzer, E. 2003. The Big Five Personality Dimensions And Job Performance. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 2003, 29 (1), 68-74. Slate, R.N., Wells, T.L., and Johnson, W.W. (2003). Opening the managers door : state probation officer stress and perceptions of participation in workplace decision making . Crime and deliuency, 49(4), 519-541 Sparrow, J.2012. The Culture Builders: Leadership Strategies for Employee Performance. Gower Publishing, Ltd